Zitao Liu

Automated Answer Grading (AAG) is a fundamental task in intelligent education, requiring accurate semantic understanding and reliable modeling of student deviations from reference answers. Despite recent progress, large language models (LLMs) remain insensitive to missing key concepts, exhibit un...

Cognitive diagnosis aims to infer students' mastery levels over knowledge components from their learning interactions, supporting personalized education applications. However, existing models encode responses as binary correctness labels, discarding information about which specific option a stude...