作者位次 #3/7ACL 2026Findings· Findings of ACL
RS hield: A User-level Traceable Backdoor Watermark for LLM s in Embedding-as-a-Service
Lingyun Xiang · Yufan Zhong · Chengfu Ou · Zhihua Xia · Chunfang Yang · Daojian Zeng · Zhangjie Fu
摘要
Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) has emerged as a critical paradigm for commercializing large language models (LLMs). However, existing backdoor watermarking techniques are fundamentally limited to “zero-bit” detection, which prevents user-level traceability in multi-user EaaS scenarios. To address...