Jiayi Tian

Large reasoning models (LRMs) enhance problem-solving capabilities by generating explicit multi-step chains of thought (CoT) reasoning; however, they incur substantial inference latency and computational overhead. To mitigate this issue, recent works have explored model collaboration paradigms, where small reasoning models (SRMs) generate intermediate reasoning steps to achieve a better accuracy–latency trade-off. Despite recent progress, effectively and efficiently detecting and mitigating SRM failures in collaborative systems remains a key challenge. To address this issue, we analyze SRM inference in both the generated text and hidden-state spaces, and identify three types of failure modes: \textit{overconfidence}, \textit{uncertainty}, and \textit{heavy revalidation}. Building on these insights, we propose \textbf{RankGuide}, a framework that improves the efficiency and effectiveness of SRM–LRM collaboration through tensor-rank-guided routing and steering. Specifically, RankGuide leverages a routing signal that incorporates \textit{tensor-rank signals} derived from consecutive hidden states to detect when SRMs are likely to fail and selectively invoke LRMs. In addition, we introduce a tensor-rank-filtered steering vector extraction method to modulate the reasoning trajectory of SRMs, thereby improving their generation quality. By improving both routing and steering through tensor-rank signals, RankGuide enables SRM–LRM collaborative systems to achieve more efficient reasoning with fewer steps and improved accuracy. Experiments \rev{across three reasoning domains -- mathematics, code generation, and scientific QA --} demonstrate the efficacy of RankGuide in reducing latency by up to $1.75\times$ compared to LRM, while maintaining competitive accuracy relative to prior methods.