Jiahuan Zhang

Humans naturally possess the spatial reasoning ability to form and manipulate images and structures of objects in space. There is an increasing effort to endow Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with similar spatial reasoning capabilities. However, it remains unclear whether these models truly underst...

Currently, large language models (LLMs) have significant limitations in spatial reasoning, particularly in the absence of visual input. To address this issue, we introduce SODA (Spatial OODA), which draws inspiration from the OODA cognitive loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act), originally designed...