Hao Sun

Traditional recommendation systems represent users and items as dense vectors and learn to align them in a shared latent space for relevance estimation. Recent LLM-based recommenders instead leverage natural-language representations that are easier to interpret and integrate with downstream reaso...

Large-scale retrieval systems must operate under strict latency constraints while maintaining high recall. Sparse retrieval offers efficiency and interpretability, whereas dense retrieval provides stronger semantic matching. Although hybrid approaches combine both signals, their interaction is of...