Besher Hassan

Idiomatic expressions pose a major challenge for multilingual NLP because their meanings shift between figurative and literal usage, often requiring context for accurate interpretation. Prior work has focused on high-resource languages typically evaluates isolated idiom-meaning questions, overloo...

Reasoning is a core capability of large language models (LLMs), yet how multi-step reasoning is learned and executed remains unclear. We study this question in a controlled cellular-automata (1dCA) framework that excludes memorization by using disjoint training and test rules. Given a short state...